Bactrim

Bactrim contains a combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim and is supplied in tablets and a liquid suspension. Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim are both antibiotics that treat different types of infection caused by bacteria.Bactrim is used to treat ear infections, urinary tract infections, bronchitis, traveler's diarrhea, and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.                

You should not use Bactrim if you are allergic to sulfamethoxazole or trimethoprim, if you are pregnant or breast-feeding, or if you have anemia (lack of red blood cells) caused by folic acid deficiency.

Before using Bactrim, tell your doctor if you have kidney or liver disease, a folic acid deficiency, asthma or severe allergies, AIDS, a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD deficiency), or if you are malnourished.

Take this medication for the full prescribed length of time. Your symptoms may improve before the infection is completely cleared. Bactrim will not treat a viral infection such as the common cold or flu.

Antibiotic medicines can cause diarrhea, which may be a sign of a new infection. If you have diarrhea that is watery or has blood in it, call your doctor. Do not use any medicine to stop the diarrhea unless your doctor has told you to.

Avoid exposure to sunlight, sunlamps, or tanning beds. This medication can make your skin more sensitive to sunlight, and a sunburn may result. Wear protective clothing and use sunscreen (SPF 15 or higher) when you are outdoors.

                         You should not use Bactrim if you are allergic to sulfamethoxazole or trimethoprim, if you are pregnant or breast-feeding, or if you have anemia (lack of red blood cells) caused by folic acid deficiency.

If you have certain conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely use this medication. Before using Bactrim, tell your doctor if you have:

·         kidney or liver disease;

·         a folic acid deficiency;

·         asthma or severe allergies;

·         AIDS;

·         a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD deficiency); or

·         if you are malnourished.                       

             Take Bactrim exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not take it in larger amounts or for longer than recommended. Follow the directions on your prescription label.

Measure liquid medicine with a special dose-measuring spoon or cup, not a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist for one.

Take Bactrim for the full prescribed length of time. Your symptoms may improve before the infection is completely cleared. Bactrim will not treat a viral infection such as the common cold or flu. Drink plenty of fluids to prevent kidney stones while you are taking trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. Store the tablets and liquid at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light.

                       Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Call your doctor at once if you have a serious side effect such as:

·         fever, sore throat, and headache with a severe blistering, peeling, and red skin rash;

·         the first sign of any skin rash, no matter how mild;

·         pale skin, easy bruising or bleeding;

·         cough, feeling short of breath;

·         diarrhea that is watery or bloody;

·         feeling restless or irritable, confusion, hallucinations, seizure;

·         slow heart rate, weak pulse, severe tingling, numbness, muscle pain or weakness;

·         nausea, stomach pain, loss of appetite, itching, dark urine, clay-colored stools, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes);

·         fever, chills, body aches, flu symptoms; or

·         urinating less than usual or not at all.

Less serious Bactrim side effects may include:

·         painful or swollen tongue;

·         dizziness, spinning sensation;

·         ringing in your ears;

·         joint pain; or

·         sleep problems (insomnia).

                          Tell your doctor about all other medications you use, especially:

·         seizure medication such as phenytoin (Dilantin);

·         a diuretic (water pill);

·         a blood thinner such as warfarin (Coumadin);

·         methotrexate (Trexall, Rheumatrex); or

·         an ACE inhibitor such as benazepril (Lotensin), captopril (Capoten), fosinopril (Monopril), enalapril (Vasotec), lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril), moexipril (Univasc), perindopril (Aceon), quinapril (Accupril), ramipril (Altace), or trandolapril (Mavik).

                             

Kanamycin( strong antibiotic)

Kanamycin can cause severe damage to the kidneys and can also cause hearing loss. You will need to be closely monitored by your health care provider. Be sure your doctor is aware of any other medications you may be taking.

                      Kanamycin is used for:

Treating serious bacterial infections. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.

Kanamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. It kills sensitive bacteria by stopping the production of essential proteins needed by the bacteria to survive.

                       Do NOT use Kanamycin if:

    * you are allergic to any ingredient in Kanamycin

    * you need long-term treatment

    * you are taking cyclosporine, fludarabine, an injectable cephalosporin, an injectable penicillin in the same intravenous (IV) line, methoxyflurane (within 3 days), a nondepolarizing muscle relaxant (eg, pancuronium), or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) (eg, ibuprofen)

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.

                         Some medical conditions may interact with Kanamycin . Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:

    * if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding

    * if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement

    * if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances

    * if you are dehydrated or have cranial nerve damage, myasthenia gravis (eg, muscle weakness), Parkinson disease, or kidney failure

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Kanamycin . Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:

    * Injectable penicillins (eg, amoxicillin) because the effectiveness of Kanamycin may be decreased when mixed in the same container or when given at the same time

    * Injectable cephalosporins (eg, cephalexin), cyclosporine, fludarabine, methoxyflurane, or NSAIDs (eg, ibuprofen) because side effects, such as increased risk of kidney toxicity, may occur

    * Loop diuretics (eg, furosemide) because side effects, such as hearing loss, may occur

    * Nondepolarizing muscle relaxants (eg, pancuronium) or succinylcholine because the actions and side effects of these medicines may be increased

    * Digoxin because the effectiveness may be affected

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Kanamycin may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.

                       Use Kanamycin as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

    * Kanamycin is usually administered as an injection at your doctor's office, hospital, or clinic. If you are using Kanamycin at home, carefully follow the injection procedures taught to you by your health care provider.

    * To clear up your infection completely, continue using Kanamycin for the full course of treatment even if you feel better in a few days. Do not miss any doses.

    * If Kanamycin contains particles or is discolored, or if the vial is cracked or damaged in any way, do not use it.

    * Kanamycin works best when it is used at the same time each day.

    * Kanamycin is for short-term treatment only.

    * Keep this product, as well as syringes and needles, out of the reach of children and away from pets. Do not reuse needles, syringes, or other materials. Dispose of properly after use. Ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain local regulations for proper disposal.

    * If you miss a dose of Kanamycin , use it as soon as possible. Check with your doctor or pharmacist for instructions on scheduling other doses.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Kanamycin .

                          * Kanamycin may cause dizziness. Do not drive, operate machinery, or do anything else that could be dangerous until you know how you react to Kanamycin . Using Kanamycin alone, with certain other medicines, or with alcohol may lessen your ability to drive or perform other potentially dangerous tasks.

    * Kanamycin is effective only against bacteria. It is not effective for treating viral infections (eg, the common cold).

    * Some of these products contain sulfites, which can cause allergic reactions in certain individuals (eg, asthma patients). If you have previously had allergic reactions to sulfites, contact your pharmacist to determine if the product you are taking contains sulfites.

    * Drinking extra fluids while you are using Kanamycin is recommended. Check with your doctor for instructions.

    * Before you have any medical or dental treatments, emergency care, or surgery, tell the doctor or dentist that you are using Kanamycin .

    * LAB TESTS, including kidney function, will be required to monitor therapy. Be sure to keep all doctor and lab appointments.

    * Use Kanamycin with extreme caution in INFANTS. Safety and effectiveness in this age group have not been confirmed. Use Kanamycin with extreme caution in CHILDREN younger than 10 years of age with diarrhea or stomach infections. Safety and effectiveness in this age group have not been confirmed.

    * PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: Kanamycin has been shown to cause harm to the fetus. If you become pregnant, discuss with your doctor the benefits and risks of using Kanamycin during pregnancy. Kanamycin is excreted in breast milk. Do not breast-feed while taking Kanamycin .

                           Store Kanamycin at room temperature, between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C). Keep Kanamycin , as well as syringes and needles, out of the reach of children and away from pets.

bactocill, an antibiotic

Oxacillin is an antibiotic in the penicillin group of drugs. It fights bacteria in your body.

Oxacillin is used to treat many different types of infections caused by bacteria, such as a staphylococcal (also called "staph") infection.

Oxacillin may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.

                        Do not use this medication if you are allergic to oxacillin or to any other penicillin antibiotic, such as amoxicillin (Amoxil), ampicillin (Omnipen, Principen), carbenicillin (Geocillin), dicloxacillin (Dycill, Dynapen), penicillin (Beepen-VK, Ledercillin VK, Pen-V, Pen-Vee K, Pfizerpen, V-Cillin K, Veetids), and others.

Before using oxacillin, tell your doctor if you are allergic to cephalosporins such as Ceclor, Ceftin, Duricef, Keflex, and others, or if you have asthma, liver disease, kidney disease, or a history of any type of allergy.

Oxacillin can make birth control pills less effective, which may result in pregnancy. Before taking oxacillin, tell your doctor if you use birth control pills. Take this medication for the entire length of time prescribed by your doctor. Your symptoms may get better before the infection is completely treated. Oxacillin will not treat a viral infection such as the common cold or flu. Do not share this medication with another person, even if they have the same symptoms you have.

Antibiotic medicines can cause diarrhea, which may be a sign of a new infection. If you have diarrhea that is watery or has blood in it, call your doctor. Do not use any medicine to stop the diarrhea unless your doctor has told you to.

                        Take this medication exactly as it was prescribed for you. Do not take the medication in larger amounts, or take it for longer than recommended by your doctor. Follow the directions on your prescription label.

Take the medicine with a full glass of water. Oxacillin should be taken on an empty stomach, at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after eating a meal.

To be sure this medication is helping your condition, your blood will need to be tested on a regular basis. Your kidney or liver function may also need to be tested. Do not miss any scheduled visits to your doctor.

Take this medication for the entire length of time prescribed by your doctor. Your symptoms may get better before the infection is completely treated. Oxacillin will not treat a viral infection such as the common cold or flu. Do not share oxacillin with another person, even if they have the same symptoms you have.

This medication can cause you to have unusual results with certain medical tests. Tell any doctor who treats you that you are using oxacillin.

Store oxacillin at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light.

                      Before taking oxacillin, tell your doctor if you are using any of the following drugs:

      methotrexate (Rheumatrex, Trexall); or

      probenecid (Benemid).

bacteria fighter

Sparfloxacin has been withdrawn from the U.S. market.

Sparfloxacin is an antibiotic in a class of drugs called fluoroquinolones. It fights bacteria in the body.

Sparfloxacin is used to treat various types of bacterial infections.

Sparfloxacin may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

                  Sparfloxacin has been withdrawn from the U.S. market.

Take all of the sparfloxacin that has been prescribed for you even if you begin to feel better. Your symptoms may start to improve before the infection is completely treated. Take sparfloxacin with a full glass of water (8 ounces). Drink several extra glasses of fluid each day to prevent sparfloxacin crystals from forming in the urine. Do not take antacids that contain magnesium or aluminum (e.g., Tums or Rolaids), the ulcer medicine sucralfate (Carafate), or vitamin or mineral supplements that contain iron or zinc for a minimum of 4 hours after a dose of sparfloxacin. Taking antacids, sucralfate, or vitamin or mineral supplements too close to a dose of sparfloxacin can greatly decrease the effects of the antibiotic.

                Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you have

    * kidney disease;

      any kind of heart disease or heart problem; or

      seizures or epilepsy.

You may not be able to take sparfloxacin, or you may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring during treatment if you have any of the conditions listed above.

Sparfloxacin is in the FDA pregnancy category C. This means that it is not known whether sparfloxacin will be harmful to an unborn baby. Do not take this medication without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant or could become pregnant during treatment. Sparfloxacin passes into breast milk and may harm a nursing infant. It may affect bone development. Do not take this medication without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby. Sparfloxacin is not approved for use by children younger than 12 years of age. Sparfloxacin may interfere with bone development.

                     Take sparfloxacin exactly as directed by your doctor. If you do not understand these instructions, ask your pharmacist, nurse, or doctor to explain them to you.

Take each dose with a full glass of water (8 ounces). Drink several extra glasses of fluid each day to prevent the formation of sparfloxacin crystals in your urine.

Sparfloxacin may be taken with or without food.

Take sparfloxacin at evenly spaced intervals. Follow your doctor's instructions.

Do not take antacids that contain magnesium or aluminum (e.g., Tums or Rolaids), the ulcer medicine sucralfate (Carafate), or vitamin or mineral supplements that contain iron or zinc for a minimum of 4 hours after a dose of sparfloxacin. Taking antacids, sucralfate, or vitamin or mineral supplements too close to a dose of sparfloxacin can greatly decrease the effects of the antibiotic. Take all of the sparfloxacin that has been prescribed for you even if you begin to feel better. Your symptoms may start to improve before the infection is completely treated. Store this medication at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

                      Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight. Sparfloxacin increases the sensitivity of the skin to sunlight, and a severe sunburn may result. If sun exposure is unavoidable, wear protective clothing and sunscreen. Call your doctor if you experience severe burning, redness, itching, rash, or swelling after exposure to the sun. Use caution when driving, operating machinery, or performing other hazardous activities. Sparfloxacin may cause dizziness. If you experience dizziness, avoid these activities.

                      Do not take antacids that contain magnesium or aluminum (e.g., Tums or Rolaids), the ulcer medicine sucralfate (Carafate), or vitamin or mineral supplements that contain iron or zinc for a minimum of 4 hours after a dose of sparfloxacin. Taking antacids, sucralfate, or vitamin or mineral supplements too close to a dose of sparfloxacin can greatly decrease the effects of the antibiotic. Do not take sparfloxacin without first talking to your doctor if you are taking any of the following drugs:

      the heart medicines amiodarone (Cordarone), disopyramide (Norpace), quinidine (Cardioquin, Quinidex, Quinaglute, others), procainamide (Procan SR, Pronestyl), sotalol (Betapace), and bepridil (Vascor);

      terfenadine (Seldane, Seldane-D) or astemizole (Hismanal);

      a tricyclic antidepressant including amitriptyline (Elavil, Endep), amoxapine (Asendin), imipramine (Tofranil), nortriptyline (Pamelor), doxepin (Sinequan), and others;

      a phenothiazine including chlorpromazine (Thorazine), fluphenazine (Prolixin), perphenazine (Trilafon), mesoridazine (Serentil), thioridazine (Mellaril), and others;

      erythromycin (E-Mycin, Ery-Tab, E.E.S., others); or

      cisapride (Propulsid).

Sparfloxacin and the drugs listed above may affect the rhythm of your heartbeats. You may not be able to take sparfloxacin, or you may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring during treatment if you are taking any of the medicines listed above.

Drugs other than those listed here may also interact with sparfloxacin. Talk to your doctor and pharmacist before taking any prescription or over-the-counter medicines, including herbal products.

Topical medicine for acne

Topical erythromycin (applied directly to the skin) is used for the treatment of acne.

                     For best results, you should continue the treatment for as long as prescribed, even if your acne begins to clear up. This medicine is not an instant cure.

                     Use exactly as prescribed by your doctor.

Thoroughly wash the affected area with soap and water and pat dry before applying medication.

Moisten the applicator or pad with the medication and lightly spread it over the affected area. A/T/S Topical Gel should not be rubbed in.

    * If you miss a dose...

      Apply the forgotten dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for the next application, skip the one you missed and go back to your regular schedule.

    * Storage instructions...

      This medicine can be stored at room temperature.

                  Side effects cannot be anticipated. If any develop or change in intensity, inform your doctor as soon as possible. Only your doctor can determine if it is safe for you to continue using topical erythromycin.

    * Side effects may include:

      Burning sensation, dryness, hives, irritation of the eyes, itching, oiliness, peeling, scaling, tenderness, unusual redness of the skin

                    This type of erythromycin is for external use only. Do not use it in the eyes, nose, or mouth.

If the acne does not improve after 6 to 8 weeks of treatment, or if it gets worse, stop using the topical erythromycin preparation and call your doctor.

The use of antibiotics can stimulate the growth of other bacteria that are resistant to the antibiotic you are taking. If new infections (called superinfections) occur, talk to your doctor. You may need to be treated with a different antibiotic drug.

If you develop diarrhea, let your doctor know right away. Drugs such as erythromycin can cause a potentially serious intestinal inflammation.

The use of other topical acne medications in combination with topical erythromycin may cause irritation, especially with the use of peeling, scaling, or abrasive medications.

The safety and effectiveness of A/T/S and Erycette have not been established in children.

                      If topical erythromycin is used with certain other drugs, the effects of either could be increased, decreased, or altered. It is especially important to check with your doctor before combining topical erythromycin with other topical acne medications.

                        The effects of topical erythromycin during pregnancy have not been adequately studied. If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant, inform your doctor immediately. Erythromycin may appear in breast milk and could affect a nursing infant. If T-Stat is essential to your health, your doctor may advise you to stop breastfeeding until your treatment with erythromycin is finished.

                        Apply solution to the affected area 2 times a day. Moisten the applicator or a pad, then spread over the affected area. Use additional pads as needed. Apply gel products as a thin film over the affected area once or twice a day.

Make sure the area is thoroughly washed with soap and water and patted dry before applying medication. Thoroughly wash your hands after application of the medication.

Reducing the frequency of applications may reduce peeling and drying.

                      

Dalfopristin or synercid

Dalfopristin and quinupristin is a combination antibiotic that fights severe or life-threatening infection caused by bacteria.

Dalfopristin and quinupristin is used to treat severe infections in the blood and other body systems.

Dalfopristin and quinupristin may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide

You should not receive this medication if you are allergic to dalfopristin and quinupristin.

Before receiving dalfopristin and quinupristin, tell your doctor if you have liver or kidney disease, or a history of any type of allergy.

Antibiotic medicines can cause diarrhea, which may be a sign of a new infection. If you have diarrhea that is watery or has blood in it, call your doctor. Do not use any medicine to stop the diarrhea unless your doctor has told you to.

Dalfopristin and quinupristin is given as an injection through a needle placed into a vein. Your doctor, nurse, or other healthcare provider will give you this injection.

Dalfopristin and quinupristin is most often given in a hospital setting. The medicine must be given slowly through an IV infusion, and can take up to 1 hour or longer to complete.

Dalfopristin and quinupristin is usually given for at least 7 days, or longer for more severe infections.

Before receiving dalfopristin and quinupristin, tell your doctor if you are using any of the following drugs:

astemizole (Hismanal), cisapride (Propulsid), or terfenadine (Seldane)

cyclosporine (Gengraf, Neoral, Sandimmune)

digoxin (digitalis, Lanoxin)

diazepam (Valium) or midazolam (Versed)

methylprednisolone (Medrol, Duralone, Medipred, and others)

cyclosporine (Gengraf, Neoral, Sandimmune), tacrolimus (Prograf)

cancer medications such as vinblastine (Velban), vincristine (Oncovin), vinorelbine (Navelbine), docetaxel (Taxotere), paclitaxel (Taxol)

a calcium channel blocker such as amlodipine (Norvasc), diltiazem (Tiazac, Cartia, Cardizem), felodipine (Plendil), nicardipine (Cardene), nifedipine (Procardia, Adalat), nimodipine (Nimotop), nisoldipine (Sular), or verapamil (Calan, Covera, Isoptin, Verelan)

HIV or AIDS medications such as delavirdine (Rescriptor), indinavir (Crixivan), nevirapine (Viramune), or ritonavir (Norvir)

heart rhythm medications such as disopyramide (Norpace), lidocaine, or quinidine (Quinaglute, Quinidex).

Mafenide

Mafenide is an antibiotic that fights bacteria in the body.

Mafenide topical (for the skin) is used to prevent infection in severe burn wounds.

Mafenide may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.

You should not receive this medication if you are allergic to mafenide.

Before being treated with mafenide, tell your doctor if you are allergic to any drugs (especially sulfa drugs), or if you have kidney disease or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency.

Before you are treated with mafenide topical, tell your doctor if you are pregnant or breast-feeding.

Tell your caregivers right away if you have a serious side effect such as pale or yellowed skin, dark colored urine, fever, confusion or weakness, chest pain, fast or pounding heartbeats, confusion, vomiting, appetite changes, muscle weakness, bone pain, rapid breathing, gasping, or feeling short of breath, or severe skin rash with bruising, severe tingling, numbness, or pain.

Follow your doctor's instructions about any restrictions on food, beverages, or activity while you are being treated with mafenide.

Your doctor will determine the correct amount and type of this medication to use. You will receive this medication in a hospital or burn unit setting.

Mafenide cream is usually applied to the burn wound once or twice a day. The wound should be kept covered with this medication at all times during treatment.

Mafenide powder is usually mixed together with a saline solution and applied over a gauze dressing using a syringe or irrigation tube. Mafenide is usually applied several times per day in order to keep the bandaging wet.

Usual Adult Dose for Burns - External:

Solution: Wet burn dressing with mafenide solution and cover grafted area. The dressing should be kept wet by injecting solution into irrigation tubing every 4 hours or moistening gauze dressing every 6 to 8 hours, as necessary.
Cream: Apply to cleaned and debrided burn(s) once or twice daily, at a thickness of not more than 1/16 inch. The cream should be reapplied whenever it is removed to keep burn(s) covered at all times. Thin layers of dressings may be used, if necessary. Treatment should continue until healing is progressing well or the skin is ready for grafting.

Usual Pediatric Dose for Burns - External:

Solution:
>3 months: Wet burn dressing with mafenide solution and cover grafted area. The dressing should be kept wet by injecting solution into irrigation tubing every 4 hours or moistening gauze dressing every 6 to 8 hours, as necessary.
Cream: Apply to cleaned and debrided burn(s) once or twice daily, at a thickness of not more than 1/16 inch. The cream should be reapplied whenever it is removed to keep burn(s) covered at all times. Thin layers of dressings may be used, if necessary. Treatment should continue until healing is progressing well or the skin is ready for grafting.

Dactinomycin

Dactinomycin is very toxic. Do not inhale the dust or vapors of Dactinomycin . Do not get Dactinomycin in your eyes, nose, mouth, or onto your skin. Do not come into contact with Dactinomycin if you are pregnant. Dactinomycin is given through a vein. If Dactinomycin leaks out of the vein (extravasation), severe damage to the area around the injection site will occur. Tell your doctor or health care provider immediately if you notice any discomfort, pain, or redness at the injection site.

Dactinomycin is used for:

Treating certain types of cancer. It may be used alone or with other medicines.

Dactinomycin is an antineoplastic. It works by killing certain cancer cells.

Do NOT use Dactinomycin if:

* you are allergic to any ingredient in Dactinomycin

* you have chickenpox (varicella infection), or shingles (herpes zoster infection), or if you have had either of these infections recently

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.

Use Dactinomycin as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

* Dactinomycin is usually given as an injection at your doctor's office, hospital, or clinic. Ask your doctor or pharmacist any questions you may have about Dactinomycin .

* If you get Dactinomycin in your eyes or on your skin, rinse the area with water for 15 minutes. Remove any contaminated clothing and do not reuse. Contaminated shoes must be cleaned completely before reuse.

* If you miss a dose of Dactinomycin , contact your doctor right away.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Dactinomycin .

Dactinomycin is usually handled and stored by a health care provider. If you are using Dactinomycin at home, store Dactinomycin as directed by your pharmacist or health care provider.

Baciim

To reduce the development of drug-resistant bacteria and maintain the effectiveness of bacitracin and other antibacterial drugs, bacitracin should be used only to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria.

Nephrotoxicity: Bacitracin in parenteral (intramuscular) therapy may cause renal failure due to tubular and glomerular necrosis. Its use should be restricted to infants with staphylococcal pneumonia and empyema when due to organisms shown to be susceptible to bacitracin. It should be used only where adequate laboratory facilities are available and when constant supervision of the patient is possible.

Renal function should be carefully determined prior to and daily during therapy. The recommended daily dose should not be exceeded and fluid intake and urinary output maintained at proper levels to avoid kidney toxicity. If renal toxicity occurs the drug should be discontinued. The concurrent use of other nephrotoxic drugs, particularly streptomycin, kanamycin, polymyxin B, polymyxin E (colistin), neomycin, and viomycin, should be avoided.

The vial content of Bacitracin for Injection USP is sterile. The therapeutic class of the drug is antibacterial and is intended for intramuscular use. Bacitracin is an antibiotic polypeptide complex and its major component is bacitracin A which has a molecular weight of 1422.7.

Each vial contains 50,000 units of bacitracin.

Bacitracin is a white to pale buff, hygroscopic powder, odorless or having a slight odor. It is freely soluble in water; insoluble in acetone, chloroform, and ether. While soluble in alcohol, methanol, and glacial acetic acid, there is some insoluble residue. It is precipitated from its solutions and inactivated by many of the heavy metals.

Bacitracin, an antibiotic substance derived from cultures of Bacillus subtilis (Tracey), exerts pronounced antibacterial action in vitro against a variety of gram-positive and a few gram-negative organisms. However, among systemic diseases, only staphylococcal infections qualify for consideration of bacitracin therapy. Bacitracin is assayed against a standard and its activity is expressed in units, 1 mg having a potency of not less than 50 units.

Susceptibility plate testing: If the Kirby-Bauer method of disk susceptibility is used, a 10 unit bacitracin disk should give a zone of over 13mm when tested against a bacitracin-susceptible strain of Staphylococcus aureus. Absorption of bacitracin following intramuscular injection is rapid and complete. A dose of 200 or 300 units/kg every 6 hours gives serum levels of 0.2 to 2 mcg/mL in individuals with normal renal function. The drug is excreted slowly by glomerular filtration. It is widely distributed in all body organs and is demonstrable in ascitic and pleural fluids after intramuscular injection.

Patients should be counseled that antibacterial drugs including bacitracin should only be used to treat bacterial infections. They do not treat viral infections (e.g., the common cold). When bacitracin is prescribed to treat a bacterial infection, patients should be told that although it is common to feel better early in the course of therapy, the medication should be taken exactly as directed. Skipping doses or not completing the full course of therapy may (1) decrease the effectiveness of the immediate treatment and (2) increase the likelihood that bacteria will develop resistance and will not be treatable by bacitracin or other antibacterial drugs in the future.

Infant dose: For infants under 2500 grams – 900 units/kg/24 hours in 2 or 3 divided doses. For infants over 2500 grams – 1,000 units/kg/24 hours, in 2 or 3 divided doses. Intramuscular injections of the solution should be given in the upper outer quadrant of the buttocks, alternating right and left and avoiding multiple injections in the same region because of the transient pain following injection.

Preparation of Solutions – Should be dissolved in sodium chloride injection containing 2 percent procaine hydrochloride. The concentration of the antibiotic in the solution should not be less than 5,000 units per mL nor more than 10,000 units per mL.

Diluents containing parabens should not be used to reconstitute bacitracin; cloudy solutions and precipitate formation have occurred.

Reconstitution of the 50,000 unit vial with 9.8 mL of diluent will result in a concentration of 5,000 units per mL.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit.

Macrobid

Macrobid is an antibiotic that fights bacteria in the body.

Macrobid is used to treat urinary tract infections.

Macrobid may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.

Call your doctor at once if you have a serious side effect such as: feeling short of breath (even with mild exertion), fever, chills, cough, chest pain, yellowing of the skin or eyes; pale skin, unusual weakness, numbness or tingling, or diarrhea that is watery or bloody.

Avoid using antacids without your doctor's advice. Use only the specific type of antacid your doctor recommends. Antacids contain different medicines and some types can make it harder for your body to absorb Macrobid.

Take Macrobid for the full prescribed length of time. Your symptoms may improve before the infection is completely cleared. Macrobid will not treat a viral infection such as the common cold or flu. Take Macrobid with food or milk.

You should not use Macrobid if you are allergic to nitrofurantoin, or if you have:

severe kidney disease

a history of jaundice or liver problems caused by taking nitrofurantoin

if you are urinating less than usual or not at all; or

if you are in the last 2 to 4 weeks of pregnancy.

If you have certain conditions, you may need a dose adjustment or special tests to safely take this medication. Before taking Macrobid, tell your doctor if you have:

Kidney disease

Anemia

Diabetes

An electrolyte imbalance or vitamin B deficiency

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency; or

Any type of debilitating disease.

FDA pregnancy category B. Macrobid is not expected to be harmful to an unborn baby, unless it is used during the last 2 to 4 weeks of pregnancy. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. This medication passes into breast milk and may harm a nursing baby. Do not take Macrobid without telling your doctor if you are breast feeding a baby. Do not give Macrobid to a child younger than 12 years old.

Take Macrobid exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Do not take it in larger amounts or for longer than recommended. Follow the directions on your prescription label.

Take each dose with a full glass of water. Take Macrobid with food or milk. Shake the oral suspension (liquid) well before measuring a dose. To ensure that you get the correct dose, measure the suspension with a dose-measuring spoon or dropper, not with a regular table spoon. If you do not have a dose-measuring device, ask your pharmacist where you can get one.

You may mix your liquid dose with water, milk, or fruit juice to make it easier to swallow. Drink the entire mixture right away.

Take this medication for the entire length of time prescribed by your doctor. Your symptoms may get better before the infection is completely treated. Macrobid is usually given for up to 1 week after lab tests show that the infection has cleared. Macrobid will not treat a viral infection such as the common cold or flu.

To be sure this medication is not causing harmful effects, your kidney function may need to be tested. Do not miss any scheduled appointments. Macrobid can cause you to have unusual results with certain urine glucose (sugar) tests. Tell any doctor who treats you that you are using Macrobid. Store Macrobid at room temperature away from moisture, heat, and light. Do not freeze liquid nitrofurantoin medicine.